Академическая лексика IELTS: 100 слов из Academic Word List

Academic Word List — 570 групп слов, отобранных по частотности в академических текстах разных дисциплин. Около десятой части любого академического текста состоит из слов этого списка, поэтому отдача от него выше, чем от любого другого набора той же длины.

Ниже — первая сотня, отсортированная по частотности. Это ядро: слова из первых двух подсписков встречаются в текстах IELTS Reading практически всегда и естественно ложатся в Writing Task 2.

Как пользоваться таблицей

Не заучивайте столбец с переводом. Работайте так:

1. Закройте перевод, прочитайте пример — понятен ли смысл из контекста.
2. Составьте своё предложение с этим словом, про свою жизнь или свою тему.
3. Отдельно запомните форму: у большинства слов вам понадобится не та часть речи, что в таблице.

Подсписок 1 — самые частотные

Слово	Перевод	Пример
analyse	анализировать	Researchers analysed data from over 200 households.
approach	подход; подходить	This approach has proved more effective than traditional methods.
area	область, сфера	Urban planning is an area of growing public interest.
assess	оценивать	The study assesses the impact of remote work on productivity.
assume	предполагать	Many people assume that technology always improves life.
authority	власть; орган власти	Local authorities introduced a congestion charge in 2019.
available	доступный	Reliable data on this topic is not widely available.
benefit	польза; извлекать пользу	Students benefit from smaller class sizes.
concept	понятие, концепция	The concept of lifelong learning has gained wide acceptance.
consist	состоять	The programme consists of four compulsory modules.
constitute	составлять, представлять собой	Women constitute nearly half of the workforce.
context	контекст	These figures make sense only in a wider economic context.
contract	договор	The company signed a five-year contract with the supplier.
create	создавать	Automation may create as many jobs as it destroys.
data	данные	The data suggest a steady decline over the period.
define	определять	It is difficult to define what counts as a healthy diet.
derive	извлекать, происходить	Much of this income is derived from tourism.
distribute	распределять	Resources are unevenly distributed across the region.
economy	экономика	The national economy grew by 3% last year.
environment	окружающая среда	Industrial farming has damaged the local environment.
establish	устанавливать, учреждать	The university was established in 1873.
estimate	оценивать (приблизительно)	Experts estimate the cost at around two billion dollars.
evident	очевидный	The effect becomes evident only after several years.
export	экспорт; экспортировать	The country exports most of its agricultural produce.
factor	фактор	Cost is the single most important factor for consumers.
finance	финансировать; финансы	The project was financed entirely by private investors.
formula	формула	There is no simple formula for economic growth.
function	функция; функционировать	The device functions as both a phone and a camera.
identify	определять, выявлять	The report identifies three main causes of the problem.
income	доход	Household income has risen slightly since 2020.
indicate	указывать, свидетельствовать	The results indicate a clear link between the two.
individual	отдельный; человек	Each individual responds differently to the treatment.
interpret	интерпретировать	These findings can be interpreted in several ways.
involve	включать, подразумевать	The process involves three separate stages.
issue	вопрос, проблема	Air quality remains a serious public health issue.
labour	труд; рабочая сила	Cheap labour attracted manufacturers to the region.
legal	правовой, законный	The company faced legal action from former employees.
legislate	издавать законы	Several countries have legislated against single-use plastic.
major	основной, крупный	Traffic is a major source of urban pollution.
method	метод	Traditional teaching methods are being reconsidered.
occur	происходить	Most accidents occur during the first hour of driving.
percent	процент	Roughly forty percent of respondents disagreed.
period	период	Over a ten-year period, numbers doubled.
policy	политика (курс)	The government revised its immigration policy.
principle	принцип	The system works on a simple principle.
proceed	продолжать, приступать	The council decided to proceed with the plan.
process	процесс; обрабатывать	Learning a language is a slow process.
require	требовать	Most universities require a minimum score of 6.5.
research	исследование	Recent research challenges this assumption.
respond	отвечать, реагировать	Consumers responded quickly to the price increase.
role	роль	Parents play a decisive role in early education.
section	раздел, секция	The first section of the report deals with methodology.
sector	сектор (экономики)	The public sector employs a fifth of the workforce.
significant	значительный	There was a significant rise in applications.
similar	похожий	The two countries face similar demographic problems.
source	источник	Renewable sources now supply a third of demand.
specific	конкретный	The policy targets a specific age group.
structure	структура	The structure of the essay matters as much as the content.
theory	теория	In theory, the system should reduce waste.
vary	различаться, варьироваться	Results vary considerably between regions.

Подсписок 2 — следующая по частотности группа

Слово	Перевод	Пример
achieve	достигать	Few students achieve Band 8 without regular practice.
acquire	приобретать	Children acquire language remarkably quickly.
affect	влиять на	Sleep deprivation affects concentration and memory.
appropriate	подходящий, уместный	This register is not appropriate for a formal essay.
aspect	аспект, сторона	Cost is only one aspect of the problem.
assist	помогать	Technology can assist teachers but not replace them.
category	категория	Respondents fell into three broad categories.
community	сообщество	The local community opposed the development.
complex	сложный	Migration is a complex phenomenon with many causes.
conclude	заключать, делать вывод	The authors conclude that the effect is overstated.
conduct	проводить (исследование)	The survey was conducted over six months.
consequent	последующий, вытекающий	Rising costs and the consequent fall in demand hurt sales.
construct	конструировать, строить	The argument is carefully constructed.
consume	потреблять	Households consume less energy than a decade ago.
culture	культура	Working culture varies widely between countries.
design	проектировать; конструкция	The building was designed to minimise energy use.
distinct	отчётливый, отдельный	There are two distinct interpretations of the data.
element	элемент	Trust is an essential element of any partnership.
evaluate	оценивать	Examiners evaluate essays against four criteria.
feature	черта, особенность	A clear overview is a key feature of a strong Task 1.
final	окончательный	The final decision rests with the committee.
focus	сосредоточиваться; фокус	The article focuses on rural rather than urban areas.
impact	воздействие	Tourism has had a lasting impact on the coastline.
institute	учреждение; вводить	The government instituted a series of reforms.
invest	инвестировать	Companies are reluctant to invest during a recession.
maintain	поддерживать; утверждать	It is difficult to maintain motivation over many months.
normal	обычный, нормальный	Temperatures were well above normal levels.
obtain	получать, добывать	Permission must be obtained in advance.
participate	участвовать	Fewer teenagers now participate in team sports.
perceive	воспринимать	Risk is often perceived as greater than it is.
positive	положительный	The trial produced positive results.
potential	потенциал; потенциальный	Renewable energy has enormous potential.
previous	предыдущий	This contradicts previous findings.
primary	первичный, основной	The primary cause of the decline was overfishing.
range	диапазон; варьироваться	Prices range from ten to fifty pounds.
region	регион	The northern region has the highest unemployment.
regulate	регулировать	Social media remains loosely regulated.
relevant	релевантный, уместный	Only relevant details should be included.
resource	ресурс	Water is becoming a scarce resource.
restrict	ограничивать	Access to the site is restricted to staff.
secure	обеспечивать; надёжный	The team secured funding for another year.
seek	искать, стремиться	Many graduates seek employment abroad.
select	выбирать	Participants were selected at random.
strategy	стратегия	A clear reading strategy saves several minutes.
survey	опрос; опрашивать	A recent survey questioned 1,200 adults.
text	текст	Each text is followed by thirteen questions.
tradition	традиция	The tradition dates back to the nineteenth century.
transfer	переносить, переводить	Skills transfer poorly between unrelated tasks.

Что делать дальше

Сотня слов — это две-три недели работы при двадцати минутах в день, если учить с интервальным повторением и активным воспроизведением. После неё есть смысл переходить не к следующей сотне AWL, а к тематическим блокам под Writing Task 2: образование, экология, технологии, здоровье, работа. Логика простая — AWL даёт «академический слой», а темы дают содержание, и на экзамене нужны оба.

Как выстроить систему повторения и не потерять выученное — разобрано в разделе Лексика для IELTS.